Bible blender november 10, 2010 detailed outline of the book of revelation endtimes events, symbols, and entities witnessed by john 20200218t20. Like other rulers before him, antiochus underestimated the will and strength of his jewish. The period covered by 2 maccabees is about 180161 b. The author tells us that he is summarizing a 5volume work by jason of cyrene 2. The jews to whom the book was addressed were both loyal to their nation and its new hasmonean state and yet faithful subjects of the kingdoms of the greek dynasty of ptolemies in egypt. Jul 01, 2010 this book tells the story of a family which became very important in jewish history.
The third book of maccabees, also called 3 maccabees, or ptolemaics by pseudoathanasius is found in most orthodox bibles as a part of the anagignoskomena. Unlike the other books of maccabees, the style is simple, straightforward and factual, with little effort to embellish the narrative or to interpret events. The title of 1 and 2 maccabees is taken from the surname of judas 1 mace. In contrast to first maccabees, the book of second maccabees is a summary of a history written originally in greek for diaspora hellenistic jews living in the. Jews refer to the maccabees, but the family is more commonly known as the hasmoneans. The history of the second book of maccabees begins some years earlier than that of the first book. The original hebrew is lost and the most important surviving version is the greek translation contained in the septuagint. The books outline the history of the maccabees, jewish leaders who led a rebellion of the jews against the seleucid dynasty from 175 bc to 4 bc. In contrast to first maccabees, the book of second maccabees is a summary of a history written originally in greek for diaspora hellenistic jews living in the greekspeaking area in egypt. Summary of 1 maccabees previous list of book summaries next the twelve major periods of biblical history related lesson 23. The designation 5 maccabees was first given to the book now commonly so called by cotton the five books of maccabees english, 1832, and it has been perpetuated by dr. The first book of the maccabees the first book of the maccabees maccabees written circa 4104 bce and describing the period of 1665 bce is devoted to presenting the maccabean dynasty, from mattathias through his son judah, to jonathan and simon who became high priests and gained political independence. It presents a revised version of the historical events. The first two books only are part of canonical scripture in the septuagint and the vulgate hence are canonical to roman catholicism and eastern orthodoxy and.
Modern scholars, however, argue that the king intervened in a civil war between traditionalist jews in the countryside and hellenized jews in jerusalem. The first two have been so named because they treat of the history of the rebellion of the machabees, the fourth because it speaks of the machabee martyrs. In 164 bce, jerusalem was recaptured by the maccabees and the temple. Four books which bear the common title of maccabees are found in some mss. The two books of maccabees contain accounts of the maccabean wars written from different points of view. The king james bible, along with virtually all other protestant versions of the bible whether they are officially endorsed by a protestant church or not, includes translations of the hebrew books of what is now called the old testament. The books of the maccabees biblical literature britannica. The book of 2 maccabees sheds light on the problem. It is listed as canon in the georgian orthodox bible. Detailed outline of the book of revelation bible blender.
This history includes battles with antiochus iv and his son. Use highlighting, underlining, and take notes while you study the bible. Most protestant churches and denominations do not consider any of the five maccabees books to be canon, or part of the inspired word of god. It does not deal with the warriors of the maccabean revolt, but with the story of the martyrs of the preceding religious persecution, as related in ii maccabees 67. The name maccabee, probably meaning hammer, is actually applied in the books of maccabees to only one man, judas. The other maccabees, 5 maccabees, is also known as the arabic 2 maccabees, and was written much later. Here are our bitesized pieces of the first book of maccabees. Some assert that this book was written as a sequel to ezra and nehemiah. The title of this book is a misnomer since it treats of the sufferings of the egyptian jews under ptolemy iv philopator 221203 b. The book of 3 maccabees or ptolemaics as so called by pseudoathanasius is found in most orthodox bibles as a part of the anagignoskomena. This video marks the first in a series meant to explain the deuterocanonical texts of the old testament.
Despite the military accomplishments and diplomatic efforts, something was wrong. The jews to whom the book was addressed were both loyal to their nation and its new hasmonean state and yet faithful subjects. The first and second books of maccabees contain the most detailed accounts of the battles of judah maccabee and his brothers for the liberation of judea from foreign domination. Second maccabees includes a different edition of the first seven chapters of 1 maccabees and was written at a later date, likely in alexandria, egypt. The contents of 1 maccabees and 2 macc 415 are in the main parallel, dealing with the same incidents.
The jews to whom the book was addressed were both loyal to their nation and its new hasmonean state and yet. The erratic feel of the text, which seems to alternate between being a religious and a political document, is often most devotional in the. Ginsburg kittos cycyclopedia of biblical literature. As a surname it was also applied to his brothers and, by extension. Note that 2 maccabees reports on many of the same events as 1 maccabees, but from a more spiritual perspective. Protestants, with the exception of the moravian brethren who include it in the apocrypha of the czech kralice. Unlike 1 maccabees, 2 maccabees was written in koine greek, probably in alexandria, egypt, c. Bible blender october 14, 2017 complete but concise summary of each book of the bible old testament and new testament 20171218t17. The inclusion of decrees and letters does resemble the many items of official correspondence cited in 1 maccabees. There is some justification for the title since illustrations are largely drawn from 2 maccabees 6 and 7.
Although maccabee meaning hammer was originally the nickname of the hero judah, the use of the title maccabean. Ptolemy iv sometimes referred to as philopator was in the midst of a war against antiochus iii, the syrian king. Look out for the similarities and differences between the two. A surprising element early in the book is matthias testament which mentions daniel, but this is a later interpolation by the books editor. The maccabees uncovering the deuterocanonical books. Books of maccabees encyclopedia of the bible bible gateway. Two letters from jews in jerusalem to the egyptian jewish community concerning the new festival of hanukkah 1. The books of the maccabees, four books, none of which is in the hebrew bible but all of which appear in some manuscripts of the septuagint. The books of the maccabees, four books, none of which is in the hebrew bible but. This work no longer exists, but is the basis for 2 maccabees. Catholics consider it to be an example of pseudepigrapha and do not regard it as canonical. It is radically different from the other books of maccabees, and in spite of a greater number of chapters, it is slightly shorter than 2 maccabees and only half as long as 1 maccabees in actual text. John also called gaddi, 3 simon also called thassi, 4 judas also called maccabeus, 5 eleazar also called avaran, and. The family of mattathias became known as the maccabees, from the hebrew word for hammer, because they were said to strike hammer blows against their enemies.
The author tells us that he is summarizing a 5volume work by. The first book portrays the effort by the jews to regain their cultural and religious independence from antiochus iv epiphanes after his desecration of the jewish temple. It describes the refusal of mattathias to perform pagan religious rites, the ensuing jewish revolt. The books of the maccabees are books concerned with the maccabees, the leaders of the jewish rebellion against the seleucid dynasty and related subjects the term mostly refers to two deuterocanonical books contained in various canons of the bible. These two books tell you a lot about jewish selfdefinition in the second and first century bc. First maccabees written circa 4104 bce and describing the period of 1665 bce is devoted to presenting the maccabean dynasty, from mattathias through his son judah, to jonathan and simon who became high priests and gained political independence. Catholic doors ministry presents an outline of the second book of maccabees. Maccabees, books of, 12 international standard bible. Father, may this series of simple reading guides to the books of the bible express faith and joy in the lord. The same title is used for a syriac version of 6th book of josephus jewish war.
It begins its story with a battle that was taking place in 217 bce in raphia, a town in palestine about three miles from gaza and near the egyptian border. The first contains a history of the war of independence, commencing b. Traditionally the name has come to be extended to the brothers of judas, his supporters. The first book of the maccabees book of the maccabees books of the testament of the lord were found, and whosoever observed the law of the lord, they put to death, according to the edict of the king. The name maccabee, probably meaning hammer, is actually applied in the books of maccabees to only one man, judas, third son of the priest mattathias and first leader of the revolt against the seleucid kings who persecuted the jews 1 mc 2. Protestants, with the exception of the moravian brethren who include it in the apocrypha of the czech kralice bible and polish gdansk bible. Jan 02, 2020 the books outline the history of the maccabees, jewish leaders who led a rebellion of the jews against the seleucid dynasty from 175 bc to 4 bc. Catholic bible outline of the second book of maccabees. Despite this, the personality and faith of the one who prepared the digest shines through.
In the first and second books of the maccabees, the maccabean revolt is described as a response to cultural oppression and national resistance to a foreign power. Samuel davidson introduction to the old testament, iii, 465. C see i, 5, 1 maccabees covers a period of at least 40 years, while 2 maccabees gives the history of but 15 years 176161 b. This book tells the story of a family which became very important in jewish history. The early church father clement of alexandria second century a. In 1 maccabees, the letters are written to governments and kings as part of diplomatic relationships. I maccabees presents a historical account of political, military, and diplomatic events from the time of judaeas relationship with antiochus iv epiphanes of syria reigned 175164163 bc to the death 54 bc of simon maccabeus, high priest in jerusalem. These books include within them the earliest references to the story of hanukkah and the rededication of the temple, in addition to the famous story of the mother and her seven sons. Look out for what you might learn about the judaism of the period from the story. This outline of the doctrines taught or implied in the book makes it extremely. After the divvying up of alexanders kingdom after his death, the region of palestine was a bone hotly contended between the egyptian and syrian kings descended from alexanders generals. Two letters from jews in jerusalem to the egyptian jewish community concerning the new.
Catholic bible outline of the first book of maccabees. Maccabees, fourth book of iv maccabees, apocryphal book, included in the septuagint. Outline of the first book of maccabees explore the faith. Ephiphanes will be the major persecutor of the jews whom the maccabees. Back to the bible outlines catholic doors ministry presents an outline of the second book of maccabees. The record in 2 maccabees begins one year earlier than that of 1 maccabees, but as the latter reaches down to 5 b. Back to the bible outlines catholic doors ministry presents an outline of the first book of maccabees. The book is held as canonical scripture by the catholic, orthodox, and oriental orthodox churches, but not by protestant denominations nor any major branches of judaism. Ptolemy secured control of egypt and the land of israel. First maccabees covers the efforts of the jewish people to regain their freedom following the desecration of the temple by antiochus iv epiphanes. Introducing mattathias 1 maccabees continue reading outline of the. Among the historical writings are 1 and 2 maccabees and 1 and 2 esdras.
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